نشریه معرفت فرهنگی اجتماعی
سال ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 24، پاییز 1394)

According to Ayatollah Motahari, culture has a particular meaning; that is, the spiritual asset of Islam and it is considered to have association with Islam, which is a culture-creating religion. However, in its broad sense, culture, which represents a spiritual aspect of civilization having an anthropological approach, is the spiritual asset of nation and society, which has a twofold interaction with religion; an interaction based on truth and truth seeking. According to this twofold interaction, religion which approves the categories of different cultures, produces right and real results. Motahari’s slogans are based on truth and he avoids discriminating on the grounds of race, class and color. Therefore, seekers after truth from different races and nationalities readily accept his ideas. Anthropology based on the theory of truth-seeking nature, sociology based on the unique type of communities and epistemology based on true and absolute perceptions explain the foundations of this dialogue. Islam is a religion for life according to which this religion has knowledge and ability which give form cultural dynamic of attraction and repelling. Dividing culture into high and popular, considering religious facts to have no time or place, cultural elitism, having a positive view about the role of people in reaching the audience and the open cultural environment are other features of Ayatollah Motahari's cultural ideas.

The present study aims at investigating the effective ways to fosterthe culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in schools in view of the high school teachers in Qom. This research usus a "descriptive" method and a practical approach. The survey sample consists of 2925 teachers who teach in the high schools in Qom for the year 1393-1394.The measurement technique is a valid and reliable questionnaire designed by the researcher, and the results were analyzed through using descriptive and inferential statistics. The major findings of this study indicate:1. According to the teachers, among the four strategies effective for fostering the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom at schools, the educational strategies are the most effective (mean: 4.21), and the research strategies are least effective(mean:2). 2. Demographically, no significant difference (p <0 /05) is detected in the respondent's views.

The name of place plays a clear role in giving identity to the place and people living in it. Giving meaning to the area is determined by various mechanisms one of which is name-giving. Changing the border between names into a border between places; is in fact the first step to the establishment of place identity, which plays an important role in giving identity to life and social interactions. This paper makes a study of Tehran in as far as name-giving and the name of places and their implications are concerned during the periods before and after the Islamic Revolution, and seeks to deal with the main and salient points of this topic. Using a fair description, categorized technics and descriptive statistics, this paper has listed the names of Tehran’s districts and parishes which are nearly 500 and examined them. The results show that the names which are derived from human names indicating leadership sanctity, heroes, ruler and governor and names consisting of the word ‘’Abad’’, which shows the rural nature of these places are very common. Among the findings of this research are the policy of the dominant power in the name-giving of places in every period and the necessity of the attention which the management and civil planning give to biological-skeletal dualism according to the rapid changes of development in urban areas in recent years.

Morality is the most important constituent of Islamic culture, and Maaref Radio considers that it contributes to promoting knowledge, especially noble moral traits. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this research, which seeks to investigate the degree of the conformity of moral education programmes of Maaref Radio with the model of Islamic morality, analyzes the contents of the examples selected from among the programmes of this channel through a categorical and methodical method. This research is based on the context of the model of Islamic morality derived from Jame’ Al-Sa’dat and its study is based on a sample selected through a systematic classification method. The results of the research show that, these programmes do not always have complete conformity with the model of Islamic morality; that is, many dimensions, added dimensions and the components of the questions about Islamic morality are not considered in these programmes. Besides, these programmes deal with many topics beyond the model of Islamic morality and this has led to undermining the main elements of the model presented in the programmes.

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors of knowledge creation and the policies of broadening and improving it in the state universities of Bushehr Province in the light of the view of the faculty members.The research uses a descriptive method and the survey sample consists of the faculty members of the state universities in Bushehr for the academic year 92-93. For analyzing data, descriptive and deductive methods, including T-test for comparing the means and analyzing the variancein the form of EVIEWS and SPSS software were used. The results show that the strategies relating to organizational culture, education system and empowerment play a positive role in the process of knowledge creation, with regard to organizational structure, relation of university with society and industry, procedure of drawing on human resources and research centers, current strategies play a negative role in creating knowledge. Besides, with regard to components like organizational culture, organizational structure, physical facilities, relation with industry, and scientific and international relations among research centers, no meaningful difference is detected in the participant's views in the universities of Bushehr. The organizational culture, the system of education and empowerment, and the system of evaluation and compensation of service, respectively, have the least weak points in the factors of knowledge creation.

Cultural managers are the managers who take charge of the cultural activities of the country according to the different posts they have in the organizations. They do strategic, supportive or executive activities on different levels. In order to manage the organizations, the managers of Islamic society should develop their abilities according to the holy Qur’an. Resting on the teachings of the holy Qur’an, these managers should have different skills so that they may be able to run the cultural affairs of the society. The aim of this research is to recognize the managers’ skills from a Qur’anic viewpoint. This research, which uses an ‘’analytical-descriptive’’ method, is based on the interpretive and inferential perception of the Qur’an commentaries. Making use of finding in the field of management, this paper seeks to draw out the skills of cultural managers from the holy Qur’an. This research investigates the most important skills of cultural managers, including; ‘’cultural intelligence’’, ‘’cultural variation’’, ‘’cultural leadership’’ and ‘’strategic cultural thought’’.

Using an analytical and documentary approach, this paper seeks to conduct a sociological study of the meaning, concept, role, status and use of symbols in life believes that man's social life cannot continue without symbols. Man is a social creature, and interaction, exchange of thoughts and ideas, and establishing relations with fellow human beings, are pre requisites for social life and they require the use of symbols. Therefore, generally speaking, all aspects of human life are symbolic. The instruments of this interaction are language, script, writing, gesturing, pointing, encryption, sign and symbol, which encompass like man's surroundings, and dominate his life so that the interaction and communication with the world around him will not be possible without understanding the meaning of these symbols. The main function of symbols in human life is to foster cooperation and solidarity. They also serve as an indication of individual's strong attachment to a particular nation and culture. The two important functions which symbols have in the field of architecture and man's social environment are "the expression of meaning" and "creating a sense of identity". Each symbol and sign relating to this field is a manifestation of a sense of relation with and dependence on the culture of a particular society. As these signs are frequent in our daily life, they heighten a certain sense of meaning and identity.